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A 3D television applies techniques of three-dimensional presentation including stereoscopic cap-ture, multi-view capture, or 2D plus depth, and a 3D display. 3D display is a special viewing tech-nology used to visualize a television program into a naturalistic three-dimensional field. 3D sequences became popular in the late 1990s. It was first demonstrated when several exhibits in the United States used this technique to attract spectators and also increase their ratings.
The Technology
There are several techniques to produce and display 3D moving pictures. Common 3D display technology includes the following:
Anaglyphic 3D: which uses passive red-cyan lenses
Polarization 3D: which uses passive polarized lenses
Alternate-frame sequencing: which uses active shutter lenses
Autostereoscopic displays: also known as Auto 3D, does not use lenses.
To understand the 3D image formation, we need to understand how our eyes work while watching an object. Our left eye and right eye are two separate lenses, which form two differently angled images of what we see, which are then sent to our brain. The brain then works as the image processor. Here, it puts the two images together to merge it as a three-dimensional picture in our mind.
A similar mechanism is used in making screens that show 3D pictures. There are two types of screens which enable 3D views: Stereoscopic TVs and Autostereoscopic TVs. Stereoscopic TVs need special glasses to watch 3D movies, whereas in Autostereoscopic TVs, the image is viewed without any special accessories.
In Stereoscopic TVs, companies like Panasonic, Sony and Nvidia are using ”shutter glass” technology. These are the glasses that alternately shut off the left eye and right eye, while the TV gives out individual images meant for each eye. This creates a 3D image in the viewer’s mind.
Another stereoscopic technology, which is based on Polarized glasses, is currently used by large theaters. For this kind of 3D imaging, the movie being shown has to be shot using two cameras or a single camera with two lenses. Two projectors, one in the left and the other in the right fitted with polarizing filters then simultaneously show the movie on the same screen. In the viewer’s special glasses, the left lens of the glasses is aligned with the same plane that the left projector is showing images and the right lens is aligned perpendicularly with the plane of the right projector. This creates a 3D effect.
Autostereoscopic 3D television sets work on the principle based on two main technologies: lenticular lenses and parallax barrier.
Lenticular lenses
The lenticules are tiny cylindrical plastic lenses. These lenticules are glued in a layout on a transparent sheet. It is then stuck on the surface of the LCD screen. The cylindrical lenses magnify the image. When a viewer looks at the cylindrical image in the TV, his left and right eyes will form different 2D images. This is then combined by the brain to form one 3D image.
Parallax barrier
Another method to offer autostereoscopic output uses the parallax barrier technology. The technology is implemented by popular TV manufacturers like Sharp and LGin their 3DTV, as it is one of the most user friendly technologies. It is the only technology which allows for regular 2D viewing along with 3D viewing. It uses a fine grating of liquid crystal placed in front of the screen. Certain columns of pixels of the TFT screen represent the slits in it. These positions are chipped at, so that it transmits alternating pictures to each eye of the viewer. When a little voltage is employed to the parallax barrier, its slits will direct light from each picture, which is slightly different to the left and right eye. It creates a fantasy of depth and thus a 3D image in the brain.
The parallax barrier can be switched on and off easily with the help of one button on the remote, allowing the TV to be used for 2D or 3D viewing as required. The technology could also be implemented on computer monitors wherein a user could switch on the feature to play video games in 3D and then could be easily switched to 2D mode for work requirements.
Single-view displays can project only one stereo pair at a time, while Multi-view displays use head tracking to change the view. It depends on the viewing angle, or at the same time projects multiple independent views of a scene for multiple viewers. These multiple views could be created quickly with the help of 2D plus depth format. In 3D-ready TV sets, they can operate in 3D mode in addition to regular 2D mode. With LCD shutter glasses, the TV tells the glasses which eye should see the image being presented at the moment that helps in creating a stereoscopic image. These TV sets usually support HDMI1.4 and an input and output refresh rate of 120 Hz. 3D TV worldwide
The Technology
There are several techniques to produce and display 3D moving pictures. Common 3D display technology includes the following:
Anaglyphic 3D: which uses passive red-cyan lenses
Polarization 3D: which uses passive polarized lenses
Alternate-frame sequencing: which uses active shutter lenses
Autostereoscopic displays: also known as Auto 3D, does not use lenses.
To understand the 3D image formation, we need to understand how our eyes work while watching an object. Our left eye and right eye are two separate lenses, which form two differently angled images of what we see, which are then sent to our brain. The brain then works as the image processor. Here, it puts the two images together to merge it as a three-dimensional picture in our mind.
A similar mechanism is used in making screens that show 3D pictures. There are two types of screens which enable 3D views: Stereoscopic TVs and Autostereoscopic TVs. Stereoscopic TVs need special glasses to watch 3D movies, whereas in Autostereoscopic TVs, the image is viewed without any special accessories.
In Stereoscopic TVs, companies like Panasonic, Sony and Nvidia are using ”shutter glass” technology. These are the glasses that alternately shut off the left eye and right eye, while the TV gives out individual images meant for each eye. This creates a 3D image in the viewer’s mind.
Another stereoscopic technology, which is based on Polarized glasses, is currently used by large theaters. For this kind of 3D imaging, the movie being shown has to be shot using two cameras or a single camera with two lenses. Two projectors, one in the left and the other in the right fitted with polarizing filters then simultaneously show the movie on the same screen. In the viewer’s special glasses, the left lens of the glasses is aligned with the same plane that the left projector is showing images and the right lens is aligned perpendicularly with the plane of the right projector. This creates a 3D effect.
Autostereoscopic 3D television sets work on the principle based on two main technologies: lenticular lenses and parallax barrier.
Lenticular lenses
The lenticules are tiny cylindrical plastic lenses. These lenticules are glued in a layout on a transparent sheet. It is then stuck on the surface of the LCD screen. The cylindrical lenses magnify the image. When a viewer looks at the cylindrical image in the TV, his left and right eyes will form different 2D images. This is then combined by the brain to form one 3D image.
Parallax barrier
Another method to offer autostereoscopic output uses the parallax barrier technology. The technology is implemented by popular TV manufacturers like Sharp and LGin their 3DTV, as it is one of the most user friendly technologies. It is the only technology which allows for regular 2D viewing along with 3D viewing. It uses a fine grating of liquid crystal placed in front of the screen. Certain columns of pixels of the TFT screen represent the slits in it. These positions are chipped at, so that it transmits alternating pictures to each eye of the viewer. When a little voltage is employed to the parallax barrier, its slits will direct light from each picture, which is slightly different to the left and right eye. It creates a fantasy of depth and thus a 3D image in the brain.
The parallax barrier can be switched on and off easily with the help of one button on the remote, allowing the TV to be used for 2D or 3D viewing as required. The technology could also be implemented on computer monitors wherein a user could switch on the feature to play video games in 3D and then could be easily switched to 2D mode for work requirements.
Single-view displays can project only one stereo pair at a time, while Multi-view displays use head tracking to change the view. It depends on the viewing angle, or at the same time projects multiple independent views of a scene for multiple viewers. These multiple views could be created quickly with the help of 2D plus depth format. In 3D-ready TV sets, they can operate in 3D mode in addition to regular 2D mode. With LCD shutter glasses, the TV tells the glasses which eye should see the image being presented at the moment that helps in creating a stereoscopic image. These TV sets usually support HDMI1.4 and an input and output refresh rate of 120 Hz. 3D TV worldwide
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